Multiple myeloma develops in white blood cells called plasma cells. These cells start to grow out of control and become cancerous. This crowds out healthy cells and prevents the immune system from working the right way.
Most people are diagnosed between ages 40 and 70, with an average age of diagnosis of 69, but there can be delays in diagnosis. Also, Hispanic Americans may develop multiple myeloma about 5 years earlier than non-Hispanic whites.
One in 5 people living with multiple myeloma is a Black American. They may face barriers to accessing high-quality treatment and support, which may mean they don't get the same care as others. Black Americans are also more likely to develop MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance) and to do so at a younger age. MGUS can lead to multiple myeloma.
Hispanic Americans may develop multiple myeloma 5 years earlier than non-Hispanic whites, and often face barriers to high-quality healthcare. Those with language barriers often feel their concerns are not fully being heard by their doctor.
Those in rural areas are less likely to have health insurance that covers treatment. They may need to drive long distances to reach specialists or treatment centers. All of that may also delay diagnosis.
Only a healthcare professional can determine if you have multiple myeloma, and it isn't always easy to diagnose. There is no one test. So doctors look at symptoms, how you’re feeling, and a variety of tests. If you have any concerns, consult your doctor.
Tests look for blood calcium levels, kidney problems, anemia, and bone problems. These are the most common signs of multiple myeloma. Doctors may also look for signs of infection.
A doctor specializing in cancer (oncologist) or blood disorders (hematologist) can guide you through your options.
According to the American Cancer Society, multiple myeloma is twice as common in men as it is in women.
Clinical trials have played a major role in advancing the treatment of multiple myeloma. The Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) is a good place to find some of the latest research efforts.
The MMRF Horizon Clinical Trials Program is one source. Clinical trials greatly benefit from participation by people from a variety of communities and backgrounds, including rural, Black, and Hispanic populations.
